Horizontal chamber oven or the like for the production of gas and coke



Dec. 17, 1940- P. VAN ACKEREN 2,225,359

HORIZONTAL CHAMBER OVEN OR THE LIKE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS AND COKEFiled Jan[ 9; 1939 'l/I/I/ ////1//// ,,/l

W: @aamm/ Patented Dec. 17, 1940 UNITED stares rarest orrlcs HORIZONTALCHAMBER OVEN OR THE LIKE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS AND COKE ApplicationJanuary 9, 1939, Serial No. 249,833 In Germany January 14, 1938 1 Claim.

The invention relates to horizontal chamber or retort ovens for theproduction of gas and coke comprising one or more horizontal cokingchambers or retortsthe walls of which are provided with heating linesand more particularly to that type of chamber or retort coke oven inwhich a rich gas such as coal distillation gases is introduced into theheating fines of said chamber walls as a heating medium from horizontaldistributing channels extending through the masonry forming the base ofthe heating Walls along the length of said heating Walls, suitable pipesfor supply of the heating gas being connected there beneath to the outerend of said distributing channels and my invention is preferablyintended for use in the well known regenerative type of horizontal cokeovens of the kind explained above.

Due to the high temperature existing in the heating flues of the cokeoven during the operation, the walls of the horizontal gas distributingchannels and of the channels and nozzles branching therefrom will attaina correspondingly high temperature. If gas rich in hydrocarbon (theso-called high grade gas) for instance coal distillation gas, is ledthrough the highly heated brick channels, part of the hydrocarbonsdecomposes with the formation of elementary carbon which precipitates inthe form of graphite like deposits especially in the nozzles leading tothe heating fiues. In order to counteract the thereby resultingalteration of the cross-sectional area of the nozzles and thuscounteract a'disturbance of the gas distribution in the heating fiuesystem, air is allowed to enter the gas channels from time to time, thusburning oi? the carbon deposits.

It was found that carbon deposits are formed especially at those pointswhere the gas flows through the gas channels at a comparatively lowspeed preferably at the end of the channel opposite the gas inlet. Theburning out of these deposits requires a correspondingly larger amountof air. If the decarbonizing air is introduced through closable openingsprovided for the gas inlet pipes as usual hitherto then only so much airenters the individual parts of the gas channel by means of the draughtexisting in the oven as corresponds to the quantity of gas flowing tothis part. Consequently the gas nozzles mostly clogged up with thesecarbon deposits receive the smallest amount of decarbonizing air and arenot properly cleaned.

Now, according to the present invention the inlets for the decarbonizingair are provided only at the end opposite the gas inlet of the gasdistributing channels. By this arrangement it is possible to distributeduring the decarbonizing process the air within the coke oven gaschannel system in such a manner that in the individual 5 zones of thesystem the quantity of decarbonizing air is reciprocally proportional oreven greater than the quantity of the heating gas. In this way thoseparts which are supplied with smaller quantities ofhigh grade gas andwhich 16 show the maximum of carbon deposits receive larger amounts ofdecarbonizing air. When applying the present invention it is possible tokeep clean the distributing nozzles of the coke oven gas channel systemor to remove the detrimental 15 deposits of carbon so that the gasdistribution necessary for the uniform heating of the oven is properlymaintained.

With the above and other objects and features of my invention in view Iwill now describe a preferred embodiment of my invention in the form ofa regenerative horizontal chamber oven for the production of gas andcoke which is illustrated in a vertical cross section on the ac-,companying drawing. H

The oven illustrated on the drawing comprises the coking chamber 1 whichis formed by a roof 2 and the walls in which are arranged ordinaryvertical heating flues 3 which are connected in pairs. Under the bottom4 of the chambers are 30 situated the regenerator chambers 5 which arefilled in the usual way with a refractory chequer work. Channels 6 leadfrom the regenerator 5 to the heating flues 3.

The regenerators 5 serve to preheat the air 35 of combustion.

The heating gas is delivered to the heating flues 3 through a horizontaldistributing channel 1 which is arranged in the top of the regenerators5. The vertical channels 8 lead from the channel 1 to the base of theheating flues. Exchangeable nozzle blocks or other suitable regulatingmeans are provided for the gas at the mouth of the channels 8 in orderto control the quantity of gas entering the heating flues.

To one end of the heating channels 1 at the outside are connected thegas pipes 9 which are controlled by a shut-cit and regulating valve l9and which may be connected with the main gas pipe-ll extending along thebattery if heating gas is to be introduced into the channel 1.

During one regenerative operating period of the oven, the channel 1shown on the drawing is not fed the gas, instead of which an adjacenthorizontal distributing channel is supplied with 55 the combustion gas,so that the other heating nozzles in the middle of the oven are notalways flues of the heating flue pairs (shown as not being connected tochannel I, on the drawing) receive combustion gas. In this operatingperiod, air may be introduced into the channel I through the portprovided therefor at the other end of the battery, which port is closedby a lid l2. The air is sucked into the channel 1 by means of the vacuum(draft) existing in the oven heating fiues 3 and burns off the carbondeposits which have formed in the channel 1 and the adjoiningdistributing ducts 8 as well as in the gas nozzles.

The lid H of the air ports may likewise be provided with suitablepulling devices similar to those for the gas shut-off cocks l0 sothatwhen reversing the direction of heating, the air flap l2 and the gascocks l0 may be changed over simultaneously for all the ovens.

Instead of introducing the heating gas only from one side into thechannel 1 as shown on the left hand side of the drawing it is alsopossible to admit the gas from both sides into the channel I. Even inthis case the inlet of decarbonizing air is, however, provided only atone side of the battery according to the invention. If gas is introducedfrom both sides into the channel 1 carbon deposits are formed especiallyin the middle zone of the channel 1. If also the decarbonizing air isintroduced from both sides the sufliciently decarbonized. As soon as thedecarbonizing air is, however, introduced only from one side as shown onthe drawing so much air reaches the middle of the oven that also whensupplying the heating gas from two sides, the central nozzles aresufficiently cleaned.

I have now above described my present invention on the lines of apreferred embodiment thereof but my invention is not limited in all itsaspects to the mode of carrying it out as described and shown, since theinvention may be variously embodied within the scope of the followingclaim.

I claim:

Horizontal regenerative chamber oven for the production of gas and cokewith provision for the supply of coke oven gas to the heating flues ofthe chamber heating wall through a horizontal gas distributing channelextending, and communicating with heating flues, along the whole lengthof the heating wall, characterized in that the gas distributing channelis connected at both of its two opposite ends with gas inlet meanstherefor and is provided at only one of said two opposite ends with aclosable air inlet for feeding decarbonizing air all the way alonginside the channel to the gas inlet means at the other end of thechannel.

PAUL VAN ACKEREN.

